{"id":1582,"date":"2016-06-21T13:56:08","date_gmt":"2016-06-21T11:56:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stjosefs.wp2.go2people.nl\/fr\/?p=1582"},"modified":"2017-01-27T14:56:56","modified_gmt":"2017-01-27T13:56:56","slug":"tipi-indien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/stjosefs.wpdev.go2people.nl\/fr\/culture-lakota\/tipi-indien\/","title":{"rendered":"Tipi indien"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"intro\">Qui ne conna\u00eet pas la forme caract\u00e9ristique en c\u00f4ne d\u2019un wigwam ou tipi &#8211; le nom de la tente des Am\u00e9rindiens\u00a0? La raison pour laquelle les Indiens utilisaient cette tente est facile \u00e0 expliquer. La plupart des tribus indiennes qui vivaient dans les plaines de la prairie &#8211; y compris les Indiens lakotas \u2013 \u00e9taient de v\u00e9ritables nomades. Elles avaient besoin d\u2019un logement qui pouvait \u00eatre mont\u00e9 assez rapidement et qui \u00e9tait facile \u00e0 transporter. De plus, ce logement devait aussi servir de refuge contre les conditions m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques souvent extr\u00eames dans la prairie. Le tipi \u00e9tait \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard le logement id\u00e9al car il \u00e9tait r\u00e9sistant \u00e0 la chaleur de l\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 et au froid de l\u2019automne et de l\u2019hiver. Il r\u00e9sistait \u00e9galement aux vents violents de la prairie.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Composants d\u2019un tipi<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Le tipi authentique des Indiens ne ressemblait en aucun cas aux tipis qui sont produits aujourd\u2019hui. Aux 18e et 19e si\u00e8cles, les tipis \u00e9taient faits \u00e0 la main. La base \u00e9tait form\u00e9e par un cadre compos\u00e9 de tiges en bois \u00e9paisses (de minces troncs d\u2019arbres conif\u00e8res). Celles-ci \u00e9taient donc des troncs ou des branches souples, relativement jeunes, assez solides pour supporter le poids du rev\u00eatement. Le rev\u00eatement des tipis se composait de peaux d\u2019animaux\u00a0: du cuir d\u2019\u00e9lan et de bison. Le sol \u00e9tait recouvert de fourrures et de peaux d\u2019animaux. Ces peaux offraient la meilleure protection contre le vent, la pluie et la chaleur intense. Les tipis existaient en diff\u00e9rentes tailles &#8211; allant des tentes pour les petites familles aux tentes sous lesquelles plus de 20 personnes pouvaient se r\u00e9unir.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Construction d\u2019un tipi<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Pour construire leur tipi, les Indiens cherchaient une surface plane. Les piquets \u00e9taient enfonc\u00e9s dans le sol et reli\u00e9s ensemble au sommet avec des petits b\u00e2tons en bois ou une toile en coton. Le tipi moyen \u00e9tait construit avec environ 15 piquets d\u2019une longueur de 4 \u00e0 7 m\u00e8tres. Les peaux d\u2019animaux \u00e9taient envelopp\u00e9es autour du cadre ou attach\u00e9es. A l\u2019avant de la tente, une autre peau d\u2019animal \u00e9tait g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement utilis\u00e9e en guise de porte. Au sommet du tipi, une ouverture \u00e9tait souvent laiss\u00e9e. Cet espace pouvait \u00eatre ouvert ou ferm\u00e9 par deux peaux d\u2019animaux. Un effet de chemin\u00e9e \u00e9tait ainsi cr\u00e9\u00e9.La fum\u00e9e pouvait alors s\u2019\u00e9chapper si quelqu\u2019un fumait dans la tente ou si un feu br\u00fblait dans la chemin\u00e9e.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Qui ne conna\u00eet pas la forme caract\u00e9ristique en c\u00f4ne d\u2019un wigwam ou tipi &#8211; le nom de la tente des Am\u00e9rindiens\u00a0? La raison pour laquelle&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1583,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1582","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualites","category-culture-lakota"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Tipi indien - St. Josefs Indianer Hilfswerk<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/stjosefs.wpdev.go2people.nl\/fr\/culture-lakota\/tipi-indien\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tipi indien - St. Josefs Indianer Hilfswerk\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Qui ne conna\u00eet pas la forme caract\u00e9ristique en c\u00f4ne d\u2019un wigwam ou tipi &#8211; le nom de la tente des Am\u00e9rindiens\u00a0? 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